Why does the map of Jordan look as it does?
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Jordan's borders today are roughly the same with the borders of the Emirate of Transjordan. Transjordan's borders were first officially formalized in November 1925, with the Hadda Agreement between the United Kingdom and Ibn Saud. They were slightly redefined in 1965 with bilateral agreements between Jordan and Saudi Arabia.
The unusual shape of the borders (sometimes referred to as Winston's Hiccup) served to stop Wahhabi expansion to the west, by blocking Saudi Arabia's land corridors to Syria, Palestine and Egypt.
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Following the First World War the Middle East was divvied up between the French and British under the Sykes-Picot Agreement. At this time it was expected that oil would be fond near Mosul in Iraq, although no exploration had yet been done to confirm this. In expectation of oil being found there, the French and British reached an agreement (in the Sykes Picot Agreement) on how to share said oil.
In further expectation of building a pipeline from Mosul to the port at Haifa, and as majority owner of said oil, the British drew the borders of both Iraq and Transjordan so as to ensure that the Mosul-Haifa pipeline ran exclusively over British controlled mandates/Protectorates. The North-Eastern border of Jordan (then the Emirate of Transjordan) and the North-Western border of Iraq were drawn out to join.
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