Has anyone written a history centered on predictions/expectations about the future?

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I'm not sure whether my proposition answers exactly your question. But is a good start.

There are some historians who study trends in history, which means, they try to find patterns in history that might explain it, and in some way describe a the potential future based in the models they have. This is not Psychohistory as one might hope to find, but instead is called Philosophy of history. Some interesting authors are Ibn Khaldun, Oswald Spengler, Arnold Toynbee or maybe recently Peter Turchin, Francis Fukuyama or Samuel Huntington.
From that list of authors, maybe Spengler or Fukuyama are the ones who tried to describe a potential future for western civilization, even thoug Fukuyama later had to modify his prediction.

Who was more effective to describe the future? Maybe Khaldun, whose theory of asabiyyah was strong enough to describe the dynamic of invasions that came from dessert tribes.

I recommend you start with Huntington or Turchin. They are contemporary. Or, if you have time, the abridged version of Study of History.

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