Has Christianity ever separated abortion from feticide?
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In canon law, "abortion" meant the the "ejection of a immature (pre-viable) fetus"*.
*"eiectio fetus immaturi"; Huser, Roger John, O.F.M., A.B., J.C.L. The Crime of Abortion in Canon Law: An Historical Synopsis and Commentary p. 90 (PDF p. 102); this work was cited in Roe v. Wade.
Abortion incurs automatic (latæ sententiæ) excommunication, because it deprives the soul of baptism, which cannot be performed in utero.
Killing a post-viable fetus (craniotomy) fell under the censure of homicide, which incurs the less severe (but still very serious delict) of irregularity.
It's also to be noted that "child" (בּן, bên) in Hebrew can mean an unborn (cf. Gen. 25:22) or born (cf. Gen. 4:17) child or son. Child sacrifice to Moloch so vehemently condemned in Leviticus 20:1-5, and doubly enforced with capital punishment (both for those who do it and for those who fail to execute those who do it), thus applies to born and unborn people.
Similarly does βρέφος in the New Testament mean a born (cf. Lk. 18:15) or unborn (cf. Lk. 1:41) child.
insights courtesy: Randall Terry, Divine Correction pp. 123-124,132
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