Why did the USA stop expanding westwards into East Asia?

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Because they didn't want to and because there were huge powers in the East that didn't want them to. We need to look at when they would have been able to and compare that to the state of the world at the time.

The expansion would have required a significant Naval presence. Arguably the US Navy became formidable around the war of 1812, at which point it was... Engaged in the war of 1812. More or less right after the states were expanding- into what is now Texas and was then Mexico. This culminated in the American Mexican war around the 1840s. The military if not the Navy was busy. After that the US had known issues with Mexico that would require a military ready to go, and of course the end of that war was only a couple decades before the civil war.

By the end of the American civil war Asia was not conquerable without extreme care. Japan was a strong power with ambitions of Empire and it would not do well to get into a fight with them. Although it was later, in WW1 Germany attempted to use this perceived Japanese aggression to scare America. And of course by this time America was reconstructing, had it's own issue to deal with, and was becoming more isolationist.

So... When would they?

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