What were the 52 kinds of victims persecuted by the Nazis?
Upvote:14
I believe that your textbook used an inappropriate level of precision in the number 52. Even if there were documents with such a classification of their victims, using them would concede that Nazi definitions were an useful guide to their killings and persecutions.
- In the 1920s and early 1930s, the nazis were engaged in paramilitary violence which might be characterized as a civil war. Once they had control of the government bureaucracy, they used it to persecute their enemies. Communists, Socialists, other non-nationalist groups.
- After the Machtergreifung, they persecuted all those who did not fit into their concept of a politically h*m*genous nation. This included Christians who put their God above the Führer, trade unionists who did not want to join the Nazi trade union, parents who did not want to send their children to the Nazi youth organizations, etc.
- They persecuted ethnic minorities, notably Jews, Sinti and Romani (gypsies). That persecution took several years to take full swing, because the Jews were partially integrated into German life. The Nuremberg laws were introduced in 1935 (not to be confused with the Nuremberg trials after the war).
- They also persecuted Germans who were, in their view, habitual criminals, hobos, or prostitutes. These catch-all labels could be attached to anyone who displeased a senior official.
While the Nazis retained some trappings of the rule of law, they reserved the right to persecute anyone.
Upvote:29
Across the country, meaning only looking at victims in Germany and not the Nazi occupied territories, these were mainly Socialists, Communists, Jews, “gypsies”, certain religious groups, h*m*sexuals, mentally handicapped people, pastors and priests who publicly voiced their resentment of the Nazis, German women who had a relationship with anyone deemed worthless by the Nazis, people in resistance, people who were considered to be antisocial.
The following Nazi graphic shows the markings on concentration camp prisoner's clothing. The markings indicate the main groups into which the Nazis classified the prisoners.
The following table displays the translations provided in the comments the same way they appear in the original image for easier visual reference. Title, subtitle, graphics and annotations in the example image are not included.
| political | professional | emigrants | Bible students | Homosexuals | Anti-social
| | criminals | |i.e. Jehovah's Witnesses| |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic | | | | | |
colours | | | | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Badge for | | | | | |
reoffenders | | | | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inmates of the | | | | | |
penal company | | | | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Badge for Jews | | | | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Special badges | Jewish racial | Female racial | Danger | Inmate Number |
| disgrace | disgrace | of escape | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pole | Czech | Member of | Inmate Ia |
| | |the Wehrmacht| |
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