Why is the Aztec/Nahuatl Syllabary incomplete?

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The phonetic portion of the script is an abugida: don't expect all the cells in the table to be populated, nor for the symbols within to relate to each other. According to Alfonso Lacadena in Regional Scribal Traditions: Methodological Implications for the Decipherment of Nahuatl Writing, the Aztec script is principally symbolic, with limited phonetic components:

Nahuatl writing is basically logographic, with an incipient or undeveloped phoneticism, restricted to the utilization of rebus for logograms and a limited repertory of signs used in phonetic mode, without integration into a true conventional syllabary (see Prem 1992; Lockhart 1992:327-330; Boone 2000:31-38; LeΓ³n-Portilla 2003:41).

The "limited" phonetic aspect of the script means that even if the Nahuatl language uses the sounds that are blank in your syllabary (I do not know this), that doesn't necessarily mean that they ever needed a phonetic symbol.

Even the well-documented and well-researched Mayan script, which is more biased towards syllabic symbols than logographic ones, has blanks in the syllabary (somewhat fewer than the Nahuatl one).

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