Why has the 18th and not the 19th century come to be called „the age of reason“?
Upvote:2
It is true that great forebears of rationalism such as Hume and Locke and Kant all lived before the 19th century.
Your question is a bit vague. Yes, there were. It depends upon "what kind of genre" you are interested in.
For example, my university' major were mostly of Marx's and Engels' and other figures such as Dostoevsky, let me allow in my line the people who were the great thinkers before Locke, Kant, Hume etc.
Julien Offray de La Mettrie ( 1709-1751 ),Doctor, Thinker,
He thought the man is a machine. His/Her brain is the working muscle, that perceived the information from the sensory fingers ( or skins ). There is no spiritual a priori,
François Quesnay （ 1694 - 1774 ), Doctor, economist.
His "Economic Table" shows how the products of farmers are provided in analytical way to the due receivers in ranks.
Well..if I have to take into account for Hume (1711-1766), these are the prominent figures I can count on and books of which I have read, if you say the "successor" of Hume.
Upvote:5
FWIW, and IMHO, the age of reason is in full motion after the likes of Descartes, Newton, and Leibniz. The first systematized breaking down problems into bite sized chunks; the other two introduced calculus.
I'd further argue that the seeds were planted earlier, with the likes of Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler. And that a key figure prior to that was Gutenberg. It's an understatement to suggest that very few inventions have had more impact on knowledge and on the way we exchange ideas in the past than the printing press. It's right up the list alongside the alphabet and the internet.
To me what characterizes the 18th century is the Enlightenment, which was as much about philosophy and political science as it was about science or systematizing rational thought. And what characterizes the 19th century are revolutions -- industrial of course, but also political, and fear of the latter.
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