Has Catholic excommunication ever caused the dethronement of any king?

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Accepted answer

Yes, in some sense. The Holy Roman emperor Henry IV was excommunicated and essentially dethroned as a result. He had to come barefoot (in January!) and wait outside three days, repenting and asking for forgiveness of the pope. See Wikipedia, Road to Canossa.

After this he was forgiven, and remained (or became again) the emperor.

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