Why did Operation Barbarossa fail?
Upvote:2
As the comment pointed out, there were a myriad of reasons why it failed. I'm not an expert but here are a few.
Failure of blitzkrieg, giving the Soviets valuable time to relocate factories and build more and more T-34 tanks, defensive lines, train more troops, and refine their attacks and strategies. Even though this took years, the Nazis' fate was essentially decided by the winter of 1941
Unpreparedness - The army was given something like 6-8 weeks to take Moscow. They started invading in June, and while they came close to seizing the capital, they ultimately failed. Their overconfidence and short timetable meant they didn't bring any winter gear.
Materials - Overextended supply lines.
Allies - The axis allies consistently failed in their tasks, for example defending German flanks during Stalingrad
Stalingrad - the Germans effort to take Stalingrad was ancillary to the drive to the Caucuses but consumed enormous resources and ultimately lost an entire Army group. It wasn't strategically important and a complete waste.
Hubris - Hitler would not accept differing viewpoints and had a false sense that his plans were infallible due to his early successes. He would typically ignore his general's advice. For example, he would never let his forces withdraw, and if you were promoted to Field Marshall, well that was a death sentence, as someone of that rank was never taken alive and expected to fight until the death. (General Paulus was the first of this rank to surrender at Stalingrad.)
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