Khagantes, Aghas, and Sultanates, a feudalism of the east?
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India prior to independence in 1947 is often considered "feudal"
Use of the term feudalism to describe India applies a concept of medieval European origin, according to which the landed nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection. The term Indian feudalism is used to describe taluqdar, zamindar, jagirdar, sardar, mankari, deshmukh, chaudhary and samanta.
Japan from about 1185 to the Meji restoration (1868) is also considered by many historians to have been a Feudal society.
The regime that Yoritomo had established, and which was kept in place by his successors, was decentralized and feudalistic in structure, in contrast with the earlier ritsuryΕ state. Yoritomo selected the provincial governors, known under the titles of shugo or jitΕ, from among his close vassals, the gokenin. The Kamakura shogunate allowed its vassals to maintain their own armies and to administer law and order in their provinces on their own terms.
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