Was John S. Mosby the model/motivation/template for John Carter?
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I do not find any direct author quotes concerning the John Carter character creation, which would fully answer the question, but there is an interesting connection between Edgar Rice Burroughs(ERB) and Mosby.
An entry on the civil war discussion forum CivilWarTalk talks of an encounter that George T Burroughs, father of ERB, had during the civil war. This encounter was recorded by Mary Burroughs in MEMOIRS OF A WAR BRIDE and details George Burroughs 'night ride' with a disguised Mosby who was apparently scouting for a raid. The volume wasn't widely published, but just held mainly within the family. It does, however, give a direct family connection between ERB and Mosby.
The character of John Carter shows other aspects, however, which can also be attributed to Burroughs himself. He was himself a cavalryman:
became an enlisted soldier with the 7th U.S. Cavalry in Fort Grant, Arizona Territory. After being diagnosed with a heart problem and thus ineligible to serve, he was discharged in 1897
and a gold miner:
...where he took on managing their ill-fated Snake River gold dredge, a classic bucket-line dredge.
(Both above quotes from the ERB wiki article)
So the Arizona gold mining aspect of the Carter character come from Burroughs himself. Like any good author, he drew on what he knew, his experiences, and family history, to create his character.
One last note, an article I found of interest concerning Mosby, and his attitude towards slavery. From a letter Mosby wrote a letter to Samuel "Sam" Chapman In June 1907:
Mosby explained his reasons as to why he fought for the Confederacy, despite personally disapproving of slavery. While he admitted that the Confederate states had seceded to protect and defend their institution of slavery, he had felt it was his patriotic duty as a Virginian to fight on behalf of the Confederacy, stating that "I am not ashamed of having fought on the side of slavery—a soldier fights for his country—right or wrong—he is not responsible for the political merits of the course he fights in" and that "The South was my country."
(emphasis mine) So I guess if a northerner were to include aspects of a Confederate soldier in his character creation, one that fought out of loyalty, despite his personal beliefs, might be more conceivable.
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