When was the last coal mine in Germany established?
score:7
This may depend a bit on meanings, whether we are looking for an entirely new colliery or a pit.
But if we define that as measured by investing good money into 'something new' related to mining, like establishing a new structure above ground called pit head or headframe, for actually extracting coal through that structure, then Neu-Monopol in Bergkamen seems to be the last such one built:
Start of operations 13. October 1981.
In Bergkamen ist die wohl letzte neue deutsche Steinkohlenzeche in Betrieb gegangen. Sie sollte den Bergbau auf Jahrzehnte sichern. Doch schon nach zehn Jahren war ihr Schicksal besiegelt. Der damalige nordrhein-westfälische Ministerpräsident Johannes Rau (SPD) war am 13. Oktober 1981 sogar eigens nach Bergkamen gekommen, um die neue Zeche „Neu-Monopol“ in Betrieb zu nehmen. Der hochrangige Besuch, der später Bundespräsident wurde, war sogar nur die Vertretung.
Michael Dörlemann: "Eine neue Zeche für nur gut zehn Jahre", Hellweger Anzeiger, 5 Dec 2018.
But as you might infer from the first link, the bigger colliery coal-field was was already tapped into in 1879.
The last ever tunnel however was newly dug in 1987 and started operations in 1990, although that one was only used for ventilation.
WP: Ruhrgebietsbergbau Der letzte im Ruhrbergbau in Betrieb genommene Schacht ist der Schacht 9 der Zeche Auguste Victoria nördlich der Lippe in Haltern. Er dient seit 1990 der Bewetterung der Abbaufelder unter Haltern und der Hohen Mark. Auch das Bergwerk Auguste Victoria wurde 1991 von der Ruhrkohle AG erworben.
If the goal is the bigger structure collieries then Wikipedia listed candidates are:
Soboll Bochum Langendreer 1963
Wilhelm Wahmann, Kleinzeche Bochum Laer 1967
Justus Dortmund Kley 1956 1967 Kleinzeche
Prosper-Haniel Bottrop 1974 2018 in Stilllegung
Auguste Victoria/Blumenthal Kreis Recklinghausen Marl 2001 2006
West Kreis Wesel Kamp-Lintfort 2001 2012 2001 aus Niederberg und Friedrich Heinrich; letzte Kohle wurde am 21. Dezember 2012 gefördert
Note that the dates not always represent really newly built structures but sometimes have to be better characterised as organisational restructurings.
The list Zechen in chronologischer Reihenfolge ihrer Gründung has as last entry:
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