Are there any good sources on the history of the name for Kazakhstan?
score:7
OK, there seems to be 3 distinct namings here, that need to be discussed separately.
First of all, the self-identified name. In Khazakh language, the official name of the country is "Қазақстан Республикасы", with a "k"; and it was always spelled that way.
In English, the correct answer is "it doesn't really matter". English frequently mangles the spelling of foreign names (e.g. Moskva is "Moscow"), and nowhere is it worse than with "k" and "h" combinations.
If you truly wish to know the "correct" English spelling (and bear in mind that it may differ from native language), you have several source choices, descending in the order of authoritativeness (but they all agree :) :
Khazakh's government English website http://en.government.kz/ calls it "Republic of Kazakhstan"
Wikipedia redirects from "Kazahstan" to "Kazakhstan"
Google maps calls it "Kazakhstan"
Google searches: "kazakhstan" 280M hits, "kazahstan" 120M hits; "khazakhstan" 1M.
A generally accepted resource in English is AP style guide. I personally put little stock in their opinions on things political, but as far as geography, they call it "Kazakhstan".
In Russian, the spelling DID indeed change historically, and that seems to be the kernel of the historical truth behind your quesion.
From Russian Wikipedia:
- Образована первоначально как Киргизская АССР в составе РСФСР 26 августа 1920 года со столицей в Оренбурге;
- В феврале 1925 года Оренбургская область была выведена из состава Киргизской АССР и передана РСФСР, а столица была перенесена в Кзыл-Орду (1925), потом в Алма-Ату (1929).
- В результате национально-государственного размежевания Средней Азии в 1924—1925 гг. все казахские земли объединились.
- Тогда же Киргизская АССР была переименована в Казакскую АССР. .... переименована в апреле 1925 года в Казакскую АССР (обратите внимание — не «КазаХская АССР», а именно «Казакская АССР»).
- 5 декабря 1936 года Казакской АССР был придан статус союзной республики с названием Казахская Советская Социалистическая Республика.
.
- Founded originally as Kirghiz ASSR within the RSFSR, August 26, 1920 [DVK's note: Russians called Khazakhs "Kyrgiz", as early as 1700s, to avoid confusion with "Cossaks"], with its capital in Orenburg.
- In February 1925 Orenburg region was removed from the Kirghiz SSR and the given to RSFSR, and the capital was moved to Kyzyl-Orda (1925) (then in Alma-Ata in 1929).
- As a result of the State Division of Central Asia in 1924-1925, all Kazakh lands were united.
- Then the Kirghiz SSR was renamed the Kazakhs ASSR. Renamed in April 1925 into Kazak ASSR [Wikipedia's note - not "the Kazah SSR", but "Kazak ASSR"].
- December 5, 1936 Kazas ASSR was given the status of a Union Republic with the name of the Kazah Soviet Socialist Republic.
So, the change from Khazak to Khazah in the name of the republic was 12/05/1936. Based on a date, it was part of passing 1936 Constitution of USSR, during VIII Extraordinary Congress of Soviets of the USSR.
"Kazak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic" Russian Wiki states that this 1936 rename was to avoid confusion with "Cossacs" (spelled "Kazak" in russian) but there's no supporting documentation linked.
More post
- 📝 Was there Western tactical air support during the Battle for Berlin?
- 📝 What was the attitude towards Martin Luther among early non-Catholic Christians in Britain?
- 📝 Why were bloody religious wars so incredibly frequent in Europe in the century following the Reformation?
- 📝 When did Pontius Pilate rule?
- 📝 What did Mesopotamian beehives look like?
- 📝 Did people use to marry much younger during the last millennium?
- 📝 Has Mohenjo-daro been reconstructed?
- 📝 Libya: Did Gaddafi forbid locks in private homes and order people to swap jobs?
- 📝 Did Stalin's son, Yakov, commit suicide?
- 📝 What was the role of the college of consuls in Ancient Rome?
- 📝 Quote on chemistry - who is the author?
- 📝 How long did it take to make a 16th century arrow?
- 📝 At 300 AD, how many christians were there?
- 📝 Under feudal primogeniture, did second+ sons ever eye the land holdings of their father's vassals?
- 📝 Which countries have used rail bikes in their armed forces?
- 📝 When was the deadliest year in human history in absolute terms?
- 📝 Where was human history first purposely recorded?
- 📝 What kind of gas caused the end of excavations/tunneling of the "villa of the papyrii" in the 18th century?
- 📝 What is the oldest discovered Neanderthal boat or raft?
- 📝 Did the Governor of Virginia in 1786 have the authority to veto laws passed by the Virginia General Assembly?
- 📝 Was Switzerland pressured either by Allies or Axis to take part in World War 2 at any time?
- 📝 What was the role of Konstantin Rokossovsky during WW1?
- 📝 How did Edgar Allan Poe get promoted to Sergeant Major from Private in just 2 years?
- 📝 Did the PLO coordinate with Arab armies during the Six Day War?
- 📝 What was the difference between Hussars and Chasseurs à Cheval in the 19th Century French army?
- 📝 When was the electric iron introduced to the state of Georgia?
- 📝 Why wasn't England/Britain officially an empire (as a form of monarchy)?
- 📝 What were the racial views of the Nazis towards the Greeks?
- 📝 Differences among foraging, cultivation, domestication
- 📝 When and where arose the first civilization?
Source: stackoverflow.com
Search Posts
Related post
- 📝 Are there any good sources on the history of the name for Kazakhstan?
- 📝 Are there any documented examples of wooden ships which were in active service for 100 years or more? If not, what is the longest?
- 📝 Are there any scientific estimates for the population of Mycenaean Greece?
- 📝 Are there any historical sources that support the claim that ancient high-speed archers held multiple arrows in their hand?
- 📝 Are there any independent historical records of ancient Persia allowing freedom of worship for the Jews?
- 📝 Are there any records of ancient people looking for the misdirect in a prophecy?
- 📝 Are there any ancient sources clearly testifying a frozen Tiber river in the year 398, 396, 271, and 177 BCE?
- 📝 Are there any Ancient Greek texts showing concern for the fate of their slaves?
- 📝 Are there any good records about the alleged 17th Century bucaneer Vincenzo Alessandri?
- 📝 Are there any reasonable sources of data on numbers of religious adherents, for different religions, throughout history?
- 📝 Are there any misunderstandings in history that were resolved in the 20th century?
- 📝 What primary sources are there for Charles I's seizure of gold from the Tower mint?
- 📝 Are there any good examples in earth history of two religions co-existing?
- 📝 Are there any good books in English about the mechanics of German reunification?
- 📝 Are there any images within the time period of contemporary history (1945 to the present) that had different interpretations by historians?
- 📝 Are there any primary sources on the letter Hulagu wrote to Qutuz?
- 📝 Are there any modern history examples of large scale conflicts where warfare technology provides a great advantage to the defender, except WWI?
- 📝 What are some good references for the history of legal business entities?
- 📝 Are there any documented cases where a society was capable of large scale selflessness for the benefit of future generations?
- 📝 Are there any accounts of everyday life during the Black Death?
- 📝 What are good online sources for historical maps?
- 📝 Is there any documentation that indicates the Aztecs were as violent as they are made out?
- 📝 Was there a pre-determined arrangement for the division of Germany in case it surrendered before any Soviet forces entered its territory?
- 📝 What are the primary sources for the Mongol sack of Baghdad?
- 📝 Is there any archaeological evidence for the Dorian Invasion of Greece?
- 📝 What (primary) sources are there on the life of female slaves in Classical Greece, more specifically Athens?
- 📝 Are there any existing foreign language teaching texts from the Ancient Near East?
- 📝 Are there any historians who believe that the crusades were not motivated as a distraction from internal conflicts?
- 📝 Are there any ideas as to what the English landscape was like before the arrival of the Angles?
- 📝 Are there any cases of rewarding an enemy commander for sparing a city from looting?
