Was the high consumption of (red) wine in Ancient Rome preventive of scurvy?

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Wine has no vitamin C at all, so the answer would be: definitely no. But there's a twist.

To expand on @LarsBosteen's comment: the wiki page on Posca and romae-vitam.com claim that Posca, rather than wine, actually may have been the antiscorbutic the larger population relied on. It's basically a mix of wine vinegar, water, and additives thrown in for flavor (Romans, as an aside, thought of drinking wine pure as vulgar). That is a lot more plausible - especially given the recipe suggestion on romae-vitam.com:

  • 1.5 cups of red wine vinegar.
  • 0.5 cups of honey.
  • 1 tablespoon of crushed coriander seed.
  • 4 cups of water.

(Keep in mind that this is a recreation, as it seems we don't actually know for sure how Romans would season Posca exactly. Honey in particular was expensive enough that I sincerely doubt your typical peasant would use some to make Posca.)

At any rate, coriander seeds have ~21mg of vitamin C per 100g. That pales to kale (120mg) or lemon (53mg) but it's a lot more than in olives (0.9mg), honey (.5mg), or red wine vinegar (0mg).

I'd surmise their vitamin C requirements were met by fruits and veggies first and foremost, but during a winter campaign abroad, drinking Posca following the above recipe could seem like a good enough source - with the caveat that it's the seasoning, rather than the wine or the wine vinegar itself, that is providing the antiscorbutic properties.

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