What does Tuchman mean by transition to a "money economy" in the Middle Ages?

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I wrote this, then deleted it because it doesn't name the process and names were what the OP asked for. But no other (better) answer is around so far:

Traditionally, the feudal "contract" between peasants and the nobility often specified non-monetary goods and services, e.g.:

  • The peasant had to work so-and-so-many days on the lord's fields in harvest time. During those days, he was entitled to a midday meal and a certain amount of beer.
  • The peasant had to deliver a specified number of eggs and live chickens on a certain date.
  • The peasant had to use the lord's mill, and the miller would retain a specified percetage of the flour as a fee.

Having specified goods in the contract would lock economic patterns in place. A lord (or a peasant) could not change crops, because the duties were geared to the growing pattern of just one crop.

Once money became more common, those goods and services were replaced by monetary payments. This was a long process, and it differed from region to region.

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