Were there any attempts at a federation or commonwealth to save Austria-Hungary from breaking up after ww1?

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There were some attempts for that. To start with, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was also a kind of a federation of two member states, Austria and Hungary, such that foreign policy and defense was under the control of the emperor.

  1. In the last weeks/days of his reign, Charles I of Austria (Charles IV of Hungary) wanted to do a reform on the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. He at least wanted to give Croatia (which officially was an autonomous part of Hungary) a status of a member state, i.e. for it to become equal with Austria and Hungary in order to save the monarchy.

  2. Oszkár Jászi negotiated with all nationalities of Hungary in 1918. His aim was to create a federal state with one member state for each nationality; this would have been the ''Danube confederation''. He also proposed a Hungarian-Romanian personal union and a joint control over Transylvania (the area which is inhabitated by both Romanians and Hungarians)

All these attempts were eventually unsuccessful, as Serbs wanted Croatians to join the state which later became Yugoslavia, Romania wanted to take control over whole Transylvania, not just the parts which were inhabitated by Romanians, and Czechs and Slovaks wanted to establish Czechoslovakia, again by getting control over large lands not inhabitated by either Czechs or Slovaks (Sudetenland, Csallóköz,...).

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