In a feudal system the king would give land to the knights in exchange for military services. Where did he get his money from then?
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Accepted answer
Several factors:
- The vassals (not just knights but also dukes, barons, etc.) provided not just military service, they also administered the land. So the king had fewer expenses than a modern state.
- The king would usually hold lands which are not given out to vassals, called crown lands. These belong to whoever holds the crown.
- The king might also be his own vassal in the sense that he is a duke or similar noble. In all likelihood, a king would have dozens of titles. The difference to crown lands is that these lands might stay in the family even if the crown is lost. (Depending on the circumstances, of course.)
- The king might have the right to visit vassals and be housed and fed. This would reduce his household expenses.
By the way, there is another interpretation of feudalism. In it, the land belongs to the farmers who owe the king or tribal chieftain military service. Since they don't want to leave their fields and families, the farmers make a contract with one warrior -- they pay certain goods and services, the warrior takes the military obligations. The contract is inheritable on both sides.
Things got muddled in Europe when the Pope entered the picture and claimed superiority over all secular kings. That would mean the land ultimately belongs to God, administered by the kings who got annointed by His deputy on Earth. But note that the question of king vs. Pope was never really settled.
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