When did banishment/exile cease to be enforceable, if it ever was?

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There are international conventions against deprieving citizens of their right to stay (Article 13 UDHR), but like many such conventions they lack practical enforcement mechanisms unless translated into national law.

Various countries reserve the right to strip citizens of their citizenship (e.g. the UK). There are more or less effective safeguards against statelessness.
Historically, in 1976 the German Democratic Republic deprieved the singer Wolf Biermann of his citizenship while he was on a concert tour in the Federal Republic of Germany. I'm sure there are more recent cases.

o.m. 16635

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