When and why did the given name Dariusz get popular in Poland?
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It might be a bit speculative answer, but looking at statistics, it might have a grain of truth:
According to semi-official data, currently in Poland there are approximately 314 thousand males named "Dariusz" of which 120 thousand were born in the 1960s.
Of course, as the OP mentions, "Dariusz" is the Polish version of the Persian "Darius" and in such form, this name is still popular in Iran. So what is the connection between the Iran and Poland?
During the WWII, Poles from the eastern parts of Poland were forced to move deep into Soviet Union, usually to work in Gulags (work camps). In August 1941, shortly after USSR was invaded by Germany, Stalin has agreed to release those prisoners and form the Polish army. A big part of those prisoners, including women and children, were moved to (invaded by British and Soviet forces) Iran.
Iranians openly received the Polish refugees, and the Iranian government facilitated their entry to the country and supplied them with provisions. Polish schools, cultural and educational organizations, shops, bakeries, businesses, and press were established to make the Poles feel more at home.
Starting in 1942, the port city of Pahlevi (now known as Anzali) became the main landing point for Polish refugees coming into Iran from the Soviet Union, receiving up to 2,500 refugees per day. General Anders evacuated 74,000 Polish troops, including approximately 41,000 civilians, many of them children, to Iran. In total, over 116,000 refugees were relocated to Iran. (source)
Now, how is this connected? For people forced to barely survive in Soviet camps, life in Iran must seem like a paradise, so when they've reached the reproduction age (which would be indeed around 1950s-1960s) back in Poland, some of them would choose "Dariusz" (or the female form "Daria") as the name of their children.
Once that "wave" of names has begun, it took a while to stop it, as many people of that name became famous for various reasons, and many people want to name their kids after they favourite sportsman or actor. In the 1980s
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