Before the Great War, was the word "Poland" typically used to refer only to the Russian partition of Poland?

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Yes. Russian Poland, which included the former capital of Warsaw, was referred to as "Congress Poland." The term "Congress" refers to the Vienna Congress of 1815, which settled the boundaries of Europe for the post Napoleonic era. Congress Poland consisted mostly of what Napoleon had called the Duchy of Warsaw, that is the Polish heartland, and was handed over to Russia because of her role in the defeat of Napoleon. This was true even though parts of Congress Poland (e.g. Warsaw) had earlier been awarded to Prussia or Austria under the Third Partition in 1795.

The parts of "Poland" occupied by Prussia and Austria were (mostly) outlying areas of the former Poland, referred to by their regional names, e.g. as West Prussia in the case of Prussia, and Galicia in the case of Austria.

Tom Au 104013

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Before the Great War, was the word "Poland" typically used to refer only to the Russian partition of Poland?

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