Why was the Tulsa Port placed at Catoosa?
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It's because going up the Arkansas river is steeper than going up the Verdigris River. Tulsa has an elevation of 722 ft above sea level, vs 623 ft for Catoosa. For technical and engineering reasons, Catoosa was the more economical terminus.
Originally, the Arkansas River was not naturally suited for navigation, at least not year round. The Army Corps of Engineers spent the better part of the 1960s changing this by constructing the McClellan–Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System. During the planning for this project, it became obvious that departing the Arkansas at its confluence with the Verdigris would be the more feasible route.
This is revealed from Congressional records:
"If the reach of the Arkansas River between the mouth of the Grand River and Tulsa is included . . . 18 locks and dams will be required. If the alternate route is used by way of the Verdigris River to Catoosa, Okla., 5 locks and dams (1 on the Arksansas and 4 on the Verdigris) will be required. The estimated first cost of the locks and dams by the Tulsa route is $72,000,000; and by the Catoosa route it is $12,500,000 . . . From the above estimates of cost it is evident that the more economical route is to Catoosa as a terminus instead of to Tulsa.
Arkansas River and Tributaries, 74th Congress, 1st Session, House Document 308
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