Did any groups or noted theologians in early Christian history teach that the Holy Spirit is matriarchal?
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You might want to look at my article from several years ago The Motherhood of the Holy Spirit in the 18th century Brudergemeine in Church History.
Zinzendorf claimed that there was precedent for this in early Christian theology, especially Ephraim. Trudy Beyark just published a book on the feminine side of God which looks at feminine language in many Christian traditions, including Catholicism.
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The theory of Matriarchal Holy Spirit is a Gnostic Heresy. It doesn't have anything to do with the scriptures.
Jesus addresses the Holy Spirit by the masculine gender in the following verses of John 14:26
But the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you.
And also in John 15
John 15:26 But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, he shall testify of me.
Those who believe in a Matriarchal Holy Spirit are simply alluding to the fact that many in this world tends to understand God by things of the world that are clearly visible. They believe that since the human family on earth comprises of a husband, wife, and son, the family in heaven too should comprise of God the Father, the Holy Spirit as Mother, and Jesus as the Son.
Also remember the present day proponents of the idea of a Matriarchal Holy Spirit are some of the feminist groups and not any seriously religious groups.
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