When only one species is validly consecrated, does the Sacrifice of the Mass take place?
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This is an interesting question because the separate consecrations of the bread and wine represent in an unbloody manner the sacrificial immolation of Christ, where His blood and body were separated on the cross.
Pohle-Preuss, The Sacraments: A Dogmatic Treatise (vol. 2): The Holy Eucharist, pt. 3, ch. 2, §1, art. 2 "The consecration as the real sacrificial act":
b) While the Consecration as such can be shown with certainty to be the act of sacrifice, the necessity of a twofold Consecration can be demonstrated only as highly probable.
α) Christ said at the Last Supper, after consecrating both bread and wine: “Do this for a commemoration of me.” It is extremely probable that this mandate referred to the validity, and not merely to the licitness, of the sacrificial action.
Moreover, the Mass, as a relative sacrifice, is essentially a representation of the bloody Sacrifice of the Cross. Since it was no mere death from suffocation that Jesus suffered, but a bloody death, in which His veins were emptied of their blood, this condition of separation must receive visible representation on the altar. This condition is fulfilled only by the double Consecration, which brings before our eyes the Body and Blood in the state of separation and thus represents the mystical shedding of the Blood. It is this consideration that suggested to the Fathers the idea, which was adopted into some liturgies, of the double Consecration as a two-edged “mystical sword.” Thus St. Gregory of Nazianzus says: “Hesitate not to pray for me, … when with bloodless stroke thou separatest the Body and Blood of the Lord, employing speech as a sword.” {Ep., 171 [240] ad Amphil. [CLXXI] (Migne, P. C., XXXVII, 282).}
Related: The 1957 Missal's De Defectibus ("Defects in the Celebration of the Mass") contains this statement about what to do if a priest dies after consecrating the bread but before consecrating the wine:
- If before the Consecration the priest becomes seriously ill, or faints, or dies, the Mass is discontinued. If this happens after the consecration of the Body only and before the consecration of the Blood, or after both have been consecrated, the Mass is to be completed by another priest from the place where the first priest stopped, and in case of necessity even by a priest who is not fasting. […]
Si Sacerdos ante consecrationem graviter infirmetur, vel in syncopen inciderit aut moriatur, praetermittitur Missa. Si post consecrationem Corporis tantum, ante consecrationem Sanguinis, vel utroque consecrato id accidit, Missa per alium Sacerdotem expleatur ab eo loco ubi ille desiit, et in casu necessitatis etiam per non jejunum. […]
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