Is there a name for the belief that God is not omniscient, but rather is "learning" how to deal with humanity?
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This sounds most like process theology, though open theism is similar on this point. C. Robert Mesle explains the former simply:
In process theology, divine omniscienceβGod's perfect knowledgeβmeans that God knows everything there is to know. But the future does not exist yet, except as a range of possibilities that have not yet been chosen. (Process Theology, 37; emphasis in original)
Process theologian Bruce G. Epperly goes into more detail:
Divine perfection has been understood [traditionally] in terms of God's complete and unchanging awareness (omniscience) and absolute and unilateral power (omnipotence). Process theology takes a very different approach, affirming the primacy of love, transformation, and growth as essential to understanding of God's nature. (Process Theology, 34)
Divine omniscience, according to process theologians, does not entail a timeless vision of the future in its actuality. Rather, God knows the actual completely as actual, while embracing future possibilities as potentialities, not settled events. New things happen to God; God has new experiences. (Process Theology, 50)
Open theism ultimately takes similar views, though rather than the idea of God learning or growing, it emphasizes libertarian freedom and a non-deterministic view of the future. It therefore argues that God's foreknowledge is limited or "open" in some way. There are a number of varieties (Wikipedia lists several), so generalizations are difficult, but Alan Rhoda writes that open theists by definition hold to the following two things:
Future Contingency: The future is, as of now and in some respects, causally open, i.e., there are future contingents.
Divine Epistemic Openness: The Future is, as of now and in some respects, epistemically open for God. ("Generic Open Theism," 4)
More detail than that seems outside the scope of this question, but interested readers can take a look at Rhoda's article to follow his argument.
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