Where did 15th century English serfs live?
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Most people who worked the land in medieval England lived in village communities. These medieval villages were associated with a particular Manor, and a manor could occasionally have more than one village in it. A number of these villages have been excavated, and we have particularly good evidence from a number of deserted medieval villages where the sites have not been damaged by later development.
In fact, as a result of the knowledge accumulated from years of archaeological excavations, we can now not only say something about the development of the homes in these villages, but even about the furnishings that they contained.
In 15th Century England (as with most of the medieval period), most people who worked the land were serfs of some degree (i.e villeins, smallholders, or cottagers), but as a result of depopulation in the 14th century (largely as a result of the Black Death) land was beginning to be worked by free men (due to the shortages of workers, people were able to demand greater rights to the land they worked).
People of all these groups seem to have lived together in the villages, and the evidence (for example from Wythemail in Northamptonshire) increasingly suggests that they lived in relatively spacious, well-built, multi-roomed houses.
Whether you could leave the land and head to the city depended on your status. villeins were tied to the land, and could not leave. However, the status of "villein" was changing through the course of the 15th century, and by about 1500 it had effectively died out in England. Smallholders and cottagers had greater freedom of movement.
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