Conditions to break a precept
Upvote:1
The way you memorized the 4th condition is wrong.
- The statement must be untrue.
- There must be an intention to deceive.
- An effort must be made to deceive.
- The other person must know the meaning of what is expressed(whether he is deceived or not).
So it's not a lie if you say something false to your dog.
Upvote:2
According to this description of the vinaya, on page 74+ the conditions for the offence "intentionally deprive a human being of life" includes the result as a necessary condition:
This rule against intentionally causing the death of a human being is best understood in terms of five factors, all of which must be present for there to be the full offense.
- Object: a human being, which according to the Vibhaºga includes human fetuses as well, counting from the time consciousness first arises in the womb immediately after conception up to the time of death.
- Intention: knowingly, consciously, deliberately, and purposefully wanting to cause that person’s death. “Knowingly” also includes the factor of—
- Perception: perceiving the person as a living being.
- Effort: whatever one does with the purpose of causing that person to die.
- Result: The life-faculty of the person is cut as the result of one’s act.
On page 245 the conditions for telling a lie involves only two factors:
A deliberate lie is a statement or gesture made with the aim of misrepresenting the truth to someone else. The K/Commentary, summarizing the long “wheels” in the Vibhaºga, states that a violation of this rule requires two factors:
- Intention: the aim to misrepresent the truth; and
- Effort: the effort to make another individual know whatever one wants to communicate based on that aim.
Page 246 says,
Result is not a factor under this rule. Thus whether anyone understands the lie or is deceived by it is irrelevant to the offense.
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