In Trinitarian theologies, which nature is subservient to the Father?
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Specifically, it is not the nature but the person who acts. Christ has two natures, human and divine, and His actions and statements are ascribed to either one nature or the other. In John 5:19 Christ is referring to the one divine will, which He possesses by divine nature. The statements in John 14:28 and Luke 22:41-42 are ascribed to His human nature and will.
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The answer to the "My Father is greater than I" part of your question is given in the so-called Athanasian Creed, printed in copies of the 1662 Anglican Book of Common Prayer.
This declares that our Lord Jesus Christ is
"God, of the Substance of the Father, begotten before the worlds; and Man, of the substance of his Mother, born in the world. Perfect God and Perfect Man; of a reasonable soul and human flesh subsisting. Equal to the Father as touching his Godhead; and inferior to the Father as touching his Manhood." ...
That last clause is the answer to "Why does Jesus say 'My Father is greater than I'?"
However, I suggest that the whole Person of Christ takes part in the obedience evident in the other two quotations, because I regard even the event of Incarnation as part of that obedience. In the matter of judging the world and giving life, which is the topic of the John 5 passage, John's point is that the Son coordinates his will with that of the Father, so that there is no difference between "He judges" and "I judge".
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